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ATR Calculator

Calculate Average True Range from completed high-low-close bars, then translate it into ATR%, a volatility stop and an optional position size.

Bars and stop settings

One completed bar per line: high, low, close. The sample reproduces the period-3 Wilder oracle.
Position size is floored from account risk divided by multiplier × ATR × point value.
TR = max(H-L, |H-prevC|, |L-prevC|). Wilder seed = SMA of the first N true ranges.

ATR result

ATR
ATR % of last close
Stop price
Stop distance
Position size
BarTR
ATR is a volatility reference, not a buy or sell signal.
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Quick answer

ATR measures average true range in price units. True range is max(H-L, |H-prevC|, |L-prevC|). Wilder ATR starts with the first N true ranges averaged as the seed, then uses (prior*(N-1)+TR)/N. Technical indicators are references, not trading signals.

How it works

What ATR measures

Average True Range measures recent volatility from completed high, low and close bars. It is not directional: a rising ATR means wider movement, not automatically bullish or bearish price action.

True range formula

For each bar, true range is:

TR = max(H - L, |H - previous close|, |L - previous close|)

The first bar has no previous close, so TR_1 = H - L. The gap-aware terms are why ATR can capture overnight jumps that a simple high-low range misses.

Wilder, SMA and EMA smoothing

The default Wilder method is seeded with the simple average of the first N true ranges:

ATR_N = (TR_1 + ... + TR_N) / N

From the next bar forward it recurses as ATR_t = (ATR_{t-1} * (N - 1) + TR_t) / N. This seed matters: if the first ATR is wrong, the Wilder series stays biased. SMA uses the latest N true ranges only. EMA uses alpha = 2 / (N + 1). A 14-period Wilder ATR is not the same as a 14-period EMA ATR.

ATR percent

ATR is in absolute price units, so it is hard to compare across instruments. ATR percent normalizes it against the latest close:

ATR% = ATR / last close * 100

Volatility stop and position size

With an entry and multiplier k, the fixed ATR stop distance is k * ATR. For a long, stop = entry - k * ATR. For a short, stop = entry + k * ATR. If you enter account risk and point value, position size is floored from account risk / (k * ATR * point value).

Worked example

Using period 3 on the sample bars, true ranges are about 0.91, 0.58, 0.51, 0.50, 0.58. The Wilder seed at bar 3 is 0.666667, bar 4 is 0.611111, and the final ATR is 0.600741. With last close 48.74, ATR% is 1.2325%. With entry 48.74 and multiplier 2, the long stop is 47.5385.

Important limitations

ATR is a technical indicator and a volatility reference, not a buy or sell signal. It does not include spread, slippage, news gaps or whether a setup has positive expectancy.

Frequently asked questions

Why does Wilder ATR need a seed?
Wilder ATR is recursive. The first ATR must be the simple average of the first N true ranges; after that the recurrence starts from bar N+1. A wrong seed carries forward into every later value.
Is Wilder ATR the same as EMA ATR?
No. Wilder uses a smoothing factor of 1/N, while the common EMA uses 2/(N+1). A 14-period Wilder ATR is closer to a much longer EMA than a 14-period EMA.
Why do I need at least period plus one bars?
The engine needs enough true ranges to form the initial ATR and then produce a usable current value. It rejects short input instead of filling missing volatility with zero.
What does ATR percent mean?
ATR percent is ATR / last close * 100. It helps compare volatility across instruments whose prices have different scales.
Is an ATR stop a trading signal?
No. It is a mechanical volatility distance from an entry price. It does not decide whether the trade should be taken.

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